An imaging test using injected dye to evaluate blood flow in the retina and detect leakage or abnormal vessels.
Fluorescein angiography (FA) is an imaging test where fluorescent dye is injected into a vein, and photographs are taken as the dye travels through the blood vessels in the eye. It reveals blood flow patterns, leakage, and vascular abnormalities.
Key Takeaways
- Dye injected into arm vein
- Photographs blood flow in eye
- Detects leakage and abnormal vessels
- Skin and urine turn yellow temporarily
- Important for diagnosing vascular conditions
Why It's Done
- Evaluate optic disc swelling vs pseudopapilledema
- Diagnose ischemic optic neuropathy
- Assess retinal vascular diseases
- Look for inflammation (vasculitis)
- Guide treatment decisions
What to Expect
Before the Test
- Pupils dilated
- IV line placed in arm
- Inform staff of allergies
During the Test
- Fluorescein dye injected
- Rapid sequence of photos taken
- Bright flashes of light
- Photos continue for several minutes
- Takes 15-30 minutes total
After the Test
- Skin and urine appear yellow-orange (24-48 hours)
- This is normal and harmless
- Stay hydrated to flush dye
Side Effects
Common
- Yellow discoloration of skin/urine
- Temporary nausea (brief)
Rare
- Allergic reaction (hives, rarely severe)
- Extravasation (dye leaks at IV site)
What It Shows
Normal
- Even filling of vessels
- No leakage
Abnormal
- Disc leakage—inflammation or papilledema
- Delayed filling—poor blood flow
- Hyperfluorescence—drusen, scars
- Blocked fluorescence—hemorrhage
Neuro-Ophthalmic Uses
- Distinguish true disc edema from drusen
- Evaluate optic nerve ischemia
- Assess inflammatory conditions
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.
Medically Reviewed Content
This article meets our editorial standards
- Written by:
- Hashemi Eye Care Medical Team
- Medically reviewed by:
- Board-Certified Neuro-Ophthalmologist (MD, Neuro-Ophthalmology)
- Last reviewed:
- January 30, 2025