Diagnostic Tests
Learn what to expect from common neuro-ophthalmology diagnostic tests and procedures. Our guides explain how tests are performed, what they measure, and how to prepare.
43 test guides reviewed by board-certified specialists
Related: Conditions these tests diagnose • Clinical findings
B-Scan Ultrasound
An imaging test that uses sound waves to visualize the structures inside the eye when the view is blocked by blood, cataracts, or other opacities.
Carotid Ultrasound (Doppler)
An ultrasound test to evaluate blood flow in the neck arteries that supply the eyes and brain.
Corneal Topography
A non-invasive imaging test that maps the curvature and shape of the cornea to diagnose astigmatism, keratoconus, and other corneal conditions.
CT Scan (Head/Orbits)
A quick imaging test using X-rays to visualize the brain, orbits, and bony structures.
Fluorescein Angiography
An imaging test using injected dye to evaluate blood flow in the retina and detect leakage or abnormal vessels.
Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF)
A non-invasive imaging test that detects metabolic changes in the retina by capturing the natural fluorescence of the retinal pigment epithelium.
Fundus Photography
Photographs of the back of the eye (retina and optic nerve) to document and monitor eye conditions.
Meibography
Imaging of the meibomian glands in the eyelids to assess gland structure in dry eye and MGD. Learn what this test reveals and how it guides treatment.
MRI Brain and Orbits
Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and eye sockets to evaluate the visual pathways, optic nerves, and surrounding structures.
OCT Angiography (OCTA)
Advanced OCT imaging that visualizes blood vessels in the retina and optic nerve without injecting dye.
OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography)
A non-invasive imaging scan that provides detailed cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerve.
Amsler Grid Testing
A simple home monitoring tool for detecting macular problems. Learn how to use the Amsler grid to catch vision changes early.
Biometry (IOL Calculation)
Precise eye measurements for calculating intraocular lens power before cataract surgery. Learn how this test ensures the best vision outcome.
Gonioscopy
An examination of the eye's drainage angle using a special lens. Essential for diagnosing and classifying glaucoma.
MMP-9 Testing (InflammaDry)
A rapid in-office test that detects elevated levels of MMP-9, an inflammatory marker, in the tears to help diagnose inflammatory dry eye disease.
Pachymetry (Corneal Thickness Measurement)
A test measuring corneal thickness, important for glaucoma assessment and refractive surgery planning. Learn what to expect and what results mean.
Schirmer Test
A simple test measuring tear production. Learn what the Schirmer test tells us about dry eye and what to expect during the procedure.
Tear Break-Up Time (TBUT)
A test measuring how quickly your tear film becomes unstable. Learn what TBUT reveals about dry eye and evaporative tear problems.
Tear Film Tests
An overview of the various tests used to evaluate the tear film, including tear production, stability, composition, and quality assessments.
Tear Osmolarity Testing
A test that measures the concentration (osmolarity) of your tears to help diagnose dry eye disease and monitor treatment response.
Tonometry (Eye Pressure Measurement)
A test to measure the pressure inside your eye. Learn about different types of tonometry and why it's essential for glaucoma screening.