Pallor (pale color) of the optic disc indicating damage or death of optic nerve fibers.
Optic atrophy refers to the pale appearance of the optic disc that occurs when optic nerve fibers have been damaged or died. It's a sign of prior injury, not a diagnosis itself.
Key Takeaways
- Pallor of the optic disc visible on examination
- Sign of optic nerve damage—not a diagnosis
- Many possible causes
- Usually indicates permanent damage
- Work up to find underlying cause
What It Looks Like
- Pale optic disc (instead of normal pink/orange)
- Reduced number of visible small blood vessels
- May be segmental or complete
- Cupping may be present
- OCT shows nerve fiber layer thinning
Common Causes
Inflammatory
- Prior optic neuritis
- NMO attacks
Vascular
Compressive
Hereditary
Other
- Papilledema (long-standing)
- Glaucoma
- Trauma
- Toxic/nutritional
Finding the Cause
- Detailed history
- Visual field testing
- OCT
- MRI brain and orbits
- Blood tests as indicated
What It Means
- The underlying damage has occurred
- Vision loss is usually permanent
- Focus shifts to:
- Finding and treating underlying cause
- Preventing further damage
- Low vision rehabilitation
Prognosis
Once optic atrophy develops, the nerve fiber loss is permanent. The goal is to preserve remaining vision and address any ongoing or treatable cause.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice.
Medically Reviewed Content
This article meets our editorial standards
- Written by:
- Hashemi Eye Care Medical Team
- Medically reviewed by:
- Board-Certified Neuro-Ophthalmologist (MD, Neuro-Ophthalmology)
- Last reviewed:
- January 30, 2025